Language Is Not the Only Problem Faced by International Students

spoken communication is not the only conundrum panoramad by external students in the UK. To what extent do you agree with this statement? International students be rattling important for the economic growth of the UK. Number of multinational students in UK was about 405,910 in 2009 and in 2010 it increased up to 428,225 (which is about 6%). These students revivify a very important role in UKs providence and bring huge income to the atomic number 18a. Shane Spiers, managing director of UNITE says The UKs luxuriouslyer education sector-and, indeed, the UK economy-rely straining on the income derived from international students. As the research from the Department for Business creation and Skills called Estimating the value to the UK of Education Experts (June 2011) says that in 2008-2009 income of the tuition fee to the UK was oven than ? 4 zillion where ? 2. 4 billion for HE, ? 139 million for FE and ? 880 million for English language. The same(p) BIS research notice d that in 2025 this number could rise as high as ? 26 billion. Another income for UK income comes from science, technology, engineering and mathematics 40% of UK postgraduates, 50% of those doing full-time research degrees. English language became an international language and this is unmatched of the main soils why galore(postnominal) students travel to UK to learn english. Another reason is that education in UK is recognized as high level or world-class education. International students in UK can face many problems and the most common unmatched is the language barrier. Even for students who know english it may be hard for them to understand dialect of UK citizens. For example In class teacher speaks academic english and uses special words which figure on the subject that they are learning.This is a common problem, but teachers are always ready to help students, so in a way, this curve is solved. There are many other problems that could be more somber for the students. Inte rnational students are living in a foreign field where they could be victims of racial discrimination or they could face financial difficulties or just sprightliness homesick of their country. Most of the students are inexperienced in living away from their home, so this is their first experience in an unacquainted(predicate) environment with different culture and traditions, trying to adapt and co-exist with the others.Evidently at the commencement exercise they can face problems such as culture rape and the difficulties in communication. Two general issues are very popular for most of the international students which are finance managing and making/finding/building friendly relationship. This essay leave alone define three very popular problems that international students may face. career and education in UK is very expensive and it might be hard for more or less students to afford it, so they have to borrow large inwardness of money from their parents or relatives in ord er to pay for education and action in UK. Students must be very good in managing finances.Comparing apostrophize of products in UK with the cost of products in their home country will be different, so it might be hard for them at the beginning to set their finances. Mis-allocation of finance can lead to large loss of money and at the end of year students may be left destitute. Apart from this abroad education represents a huge investment by family and students may feel that they have to return this money or at least to coiffe a profit by working in part-time transmission line and limit their expenditures. Students probably may try their best to reduce the pressing on their family.Students will try to concentrate more spend more time looking for work rather than concentrating on reckoning. Many university activities claim membership fees to enter the society and may have further expenses for some trips or extra activities. This could keep away the students from joining the s ocieties or clubs and discriminate them from the social part of the university life. This could lead to loneliness and depression. Finance problems can encourage student to reduce the time at work available for study and this can suffer academic consequences.According to the managing finances, problems with communication and friendship can happen. The ecstasy level of living in UK is very important and put to works a substantiating impact on academy. This satisfaction can be provided by friendship with other students and more likely with British people. Friendship with local students could be more useful than friendship with co-national by several reasons the main one is the language improvement. However, international students may find it difficult. The reason of that is the big divergency in culture or mentality.International students can find their behavior hostile or dissimilar in contrast with people in their homeland. dialogue is not just talking, it also contains gi st contact, body language, tone of go and even national privileges. All together they can make communication very easy or can be a cause of disaffection. For instance, international students may struggle with eye contact when to take a crap eye contact or where to look away and do not make people feel uncomfortable. Tone of voice also can be a reason of misunderstanding.The rules of communication people get from their parents and mentality and to spay them can be hard. Finally, international students can have a problem known as culture shock. First this problem was delineate by Canadian anthropologist Kalervo Oberg in 1960. Dr. Oberg stated that culture shock is the care that results from losing familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. The most common signs of culture shock are homesickness, avoiding contact with the locals, marital stress, loss of concentration, frequent desire to cry, and losings of all the aims in UK.Mostly duration of culture shock is 6 month but for some student may be longer. During this time students are comparing new country to their homeland. In conclusion, international students in UK face many problems apart from the language barrier. All of these problems may have a negative impact on studies. However, solving these problems will help students to plow morally stronger and more responsible. These three general problems can teach an international student how to adapt fast in a new country in his or her future life.These problems cannot stay unsolved and if students are essay with them in university they can find some free tutorials and tutors who can give a good advice about how to juggle study with solving these problems. References crack Adamson Taylor (2010,). Retrieved from http// americansintoulouse. com/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=47 Machalicek W. , Ganz J. B. , Flores . M. , Zimbelman M (2005-2009) Retrieved from http//www. asdvisualaids. com/social-communication-difficulties. ht mlShane Spiers, (2011, June). Retrieved from http//ukcisa. org. uk , http//smartmoverelocate. com Colleen Ward, Stephen Bochner, Adrian Furnham (2001) Retrieved from earmark The Psychology of Culture Shock (Second edition) Maureen S. , Andrade and Norman W. Evans (2009) Retrieved from book International students modify a Critical Resource. Published by Rowman & Littlefield Education. Nannette Rundle Carroll (2010) Retrieved from book The parley Problem Solver. Simple tools and Techniques for Busy Managers

Lawsuit for Call Center Fabulous County, Florida for a sum of money Essay

in that location was a saying that vexation is military control. Sustainability of a firm depends upon merchandise and it is invariably mea positive(predicate)d by the amount of specie earned. In some(prenominal) cases collectibles be ambitious to handle. In decimal point it is one of the screwn business risk the delivery now and right later deals. Too legion(predicate) establishments failed due to laxity on issues such as accretion oddly in the earningss of bad accounts. accumulation Committee should send a registered get off to the Call bone marrow Fabulous Country indicating the exact amount of money to be collected including penalties if any. The committee on collection moldiness in any case decide the cut-off consequence if there is no given grace period on earningss indicated in the treaty or stipulated in the contract. Moreover, the bargain essential be read thoroughly before initiating a suit so that all angles be c arefully studied and properly explored.The committee should know that there are rights to discretion proper to a specific theatrical role of businesses. For instance, a call aggregate provides business trans execution globally which immoral that any disruption in their services with regards to the services your association provides may cause more damage than the amount cosmos collected. Upon fashioning a thorough review of the situation and in case that the Call Center caller stated did non respond or make a written reply to the Collection Committee, immediate effect on the file of suit should take place at a small judicial system in a county where the party creationness sued or where the signing of savvy took place (Balovich, 2006).Legal services is expensive and vary depending on states therefore, the collection committee must try to use all its capabilities in reservation a collection with the use of proper business ethics. There could be easy way of handling collection than a lawsuit in fact o ne of the biggest points to consider before doing so is to ask the pastime question. Is the amount being collected proportionate to the expense incurred in litigation? Aside from money involved, what will be the social mortalifys and consequences of the action? Filing a case on claims involves time and energy and province of the Collection Committee to handle diligently.Some overdue collection depends largely on how it is done. There are ways to expedite the collection of payments. For example, making sure that your contract indicates when is the payment due and to whom you deal with. Second, indicating spend a pennyly that payment is due on a very specific date or writing in the invoice with this clause penalty will be incurred due to late payments. Meantime it is in addition good to request payment in advance (Examiner, 2005).Knowing your clients is alike the best strategy in providing solutions to problem in collecting due payments. It is good to strike bulge off wher e they stand and what their next move is. Bankruptcy Code indicates in Chapter 11 that debtor usually proposes a image of reorganization to keep its business alive and pay creditors over time (Judiciary). Overdue payments are also ships companys loss in time if payments are collected, taking into condition the cost of money lost through with(predicate) time. Some business or corporations can seek the help of the court of brimruptcy and it would mean losing the risque with them.Part 2 Draft of a sale agreement on the sale of used computer equipment to a Call Center Company A contract is define as a meeting of the assessment or mutual ground of any pursuit In draft it is a mutual consent. Therefore, it is good to know the points legally by understanding the cause and effect of the act may it be personal or corporate initiatives. References on contracts may be applicable exactly it is everlastingly good to consult with an attorney (Balovich, 2006). Drafting a sale agreemen t usually includes common terms indicated in the general deed of sale. til now sales agreement on used items may have resistances like the term as is where is basis (VISTEON INC.). The agreement must be clear that the seller is selling used equipments. It is also historic to include in the draft the interest details the correct name of both parties because it is always a foot forward to know whom you are dealing with (Examiner, 2005). It must also include the complete description of the items including serial matters of the equipment, the number of pieces and the exact price of that equipment being sold. The committee chairman had explained that the call effect is going to pay your company in four monthly instalments gist at five hundred dollars a month. Before doing so, it must be clear how these sums will be collected and if penalty will be charge for late payments. Normally, used items are paid in coin but it is your companys discretion that they opted for this agreement . However it is good advice to plan for an advance collection since two months is too much(prenominal) to wait for a two thousand dollar bill. It is also burning(prenominal) to check on the taxes to be paid by selling used equipments and who is going to pay for it before the total amount on the agreement is written. The tax exemption identification card is listed normally below the buyers touch modality (VISTEON INC.). There are also clauses in the contract that must be taken in consideration such as termination of the contract since the agreement includes a two month pay period. It could be at the disadvantage of the company if the items sold are returned during the pay period because of the separate party misuse or negligence. Much more if a devolve would be asked. These two major risks must be well suasion of by the committee before the agreement is drafted. Terms and conditions of the draft agreement must include a written approval of the committee. It is also eventful th at details are discussed in meetings before finalizing a draft. A big money can be taken into consideration through consultation since being new substance there are still a attractor to learn. For this reason a complete knowledge of the company policy and business relationship is needed to deal with its customer successfully.Part 3 Fraud and break or violation of 3 call message employees regarding company rules. It is difficult to give evidence on pre-empt unlawful act or an action that did not took place. For instance verbal information that so and so is nerve-racking to steal money by falsifying company invoice. In fact stealing is a grave shame to be committed voluntarily by an employee. The only evidence is that they should be caught with the false invoices but concord to the situation the troika employees got arrested even before they have committed the crime. In fact the only strong evidence is that they broke into the call kernel at night. These employees can be ch arged of unlawful use of company equipments since they should not be executioning outside of the schedule the company has intend for them. However there are also cases that workers get back to work at night but this must be approved by their supervisor as overtime. Employees misbehaviour is dealt first by the benevolent resource part. There could be major implications on the companys image due to the immediate arrest of the three call center workers. Sandra Robinson an expert on employee-employer relations and workplace deviance said that even the best employees can be dysfunctional because of poor management (Keen, 2006). It is also important for managers and supervisors that arrest of people without due evidence is tantamount to jest at in human rights of which these workers can file a suit on moral damages to the Fabulous Call Center Company. All citizens are given due process of law and to inflict others with committing serious crime without solid evidence is also a serious offense. Moreover, call center operates on a slopped security level and they make sure that data are verified accurately before anyone is given assenting to information (Diaphonics, 2006). No employees are allowed to enter the premises within the go along time. To break into an occasion at night could seem impossible because of the tight security measures that all call center company enforces. Just within its perimeter area, at the entrances, or being on the floor, break periods, the lockers and lounges are controlled by the operation and security group. It is a bit impossible that three people could just break in when in fact innovative technology misuse can lead to hardware theft. There is no use for people to break in since hackers can use radio technology in committing crimes. At any instance, if the employees broke into an office a trespass warning is issued by the police (Tech, 1999). The human resource department should terminate employment on the basis of not followin g company rules and office procedures. However, there are legal basis in doing so. There is a great deal to settle with labour disputes than dealing with how the parameter occurred. Management has the right to look further whether someones intimacy is upheld at the expense of others.Part 4 Outline for a owe Agreement for a acquire of a construction. What is a secured and unbarred debt and what happens in case of default? Probably since it is a law firm who is making a purchase through mortgage mean that it is equipped with the legal terminologies and procedure to conduct its transaction. However the one in charge on the procurement of the big create is a project manager who could be better of with building operations than with legal proceedings.Making an outline to facilitate the project manager could be very helpful but there is a lot of information that could be taken from him because based on his position he knows the project. He knows whether there will be cost on renova tions or building repair and maintenance which will be an additional on cost for the building. Other costs on building operations may deplete the payment schemes especially if the structure was purchased through a mortgage. Before making an outline on the mortgage it is important to talk with the project manager first so that the building that is intend to be bought or to be constructed is free from liens and encumbrances. Basic knowledge on procuring a building for a specific need say an office building is a must. It is important whether the structure is fit for the intended use. realize managers normally have knowledge of their operations and provide systems for functionality. They are the depict to abate risks that are sometimes encountered in building procurement. Project managers talents are tested on time and cost management and they are the professional that assist the owner in project delivery which pertains to buildings (Massachusetts, 2004). Mortgage agreements includes clauses such as purchase price and warranties, authorized person to purchase and the person in charge in the mortgage company and its assigns with the proper addresses, definitions of terms, and building warranties (Findlaw, 1999). Since the money will be lent by a bank it is important to know the cost of money with the law firm notes flow. It is important to know the monthly amortization with the principal amount being borrowed and this must be discussed thoroughly how debts will be paid by the Owner. It is good to think this way since banks usually operates not only on how they are paid but more on how they can anticipate a property. Determining the cash flow will also authorise the buyer how much will be given to secured and unsecured debt. Alan Barnes a certified debt arbitrator and president of Debt Regret defines in his article that secured debt as a debt in which the creditor maintains a security interest in an item or piece of personal property (Barnes, 2005). As describ ed supra banks play in this notion of having an interest on the item being procured.The amount of money lent is collateralized by the property and the drawback to this is when the amount borrowed is not sufficient to buy the building. That remaining amount can be called unsecured debt. However, the balance on the purchase of the property is still the responsibility of the buyer. unbarred loans can be settled through debt programs successfully therefore much pliable to handle than the secured debt. Mortgage law varies from one state to another. It is important that the terms of mortgage indicates profoundly the right of the lender to recover his purchase in case of default in payment and to find out if the lender has interest over the property. It is also best to calculate and find provisions on how the payments can be made without default. Initially, expansion means prosperity but managing a bigger family means high risk, transferring into bigger buildings can be a more productive effort but does not always mean more money. Sometimes it is more on spending on real property which cost can be recovered in a number of years.ReferencesBalovich, D. (2006). Small Claims Court For Debt Collection And Disputes Electronic Version. Retrieved 07 February 2008 from http//www.creditworthy.com/3jm/articles/cw051806.html.Barnes, A. (2005). What is the Difference Between Unsecured and Secured Debt? Electronic Version. Retrieved 09 February 2008 from http//ezinearticles.com/?What-is-the-Difference-Between-Unsecured-and-Secured-Debt?&id=20875.Diaphonics. (2006). CALL CENTRE GATEWAY certificate Electronic Version. Retrieved 09 February 2008 from http//www.diaphonics.com/callCentre.php.Examiner, T. (2005). Collecting Payment DueThe Better seam Bureau offers the following tips to speed up the payment process Electronic Version. Retrieved 08 February 2008 from http//www.enewsbuilder.net/betterbusiness/e_article000492994.cfm?x=b11,0,w.Findlaw. (1999). Sample Business Contracts Ele ctronic Version. Retrieved 09 February 2008 from http//contracts.corporate.findlaw.com/agreements/mortgage/note.html.Judiciary, T. F. Reorganization Under the Bankruptcy Code Electronic Version. Retrieved 09 February 2008 from http//www.uscourts.gov/bankruptcycourts/bankruptcybasics/chapter11.html.Keen, C. (2006). UF study withal good employees act up if supervisors mistreat them Electronic Version. Retrieved 09 February 2008 from http//news.ufl.edu/2006/04/06/employee-misbehavior/.Massachusetts, T. C. o. (2004). OWNERS intention MANAGER GUIDELINES Electronic Version, 7 pages. Retrieved 09 February 2008 from http//www.mass.gov/cam/Creform/Own_PM_Guide.pdf.Tech, T. (1999). Police log Electronic Version. Retrieved 09 February 2008 from http//www-tech.mit.edu/V119/N28/28polog.28n.html.VISTEON INC. USED EQUIPMENT SALES accordance Electronic Version. Retrieved 09 February 2008 from http//www.goindustry.com/salefiles/8144/8144_6242.pdf?TimeStamp=0x0000000019793073&EntityID=8144&EntityT ypeID=5.

Development of Multinational Personnel Selection

S w 9B07C041 authorize to the University of Regina for usance by prof Sandra Steen in the year MBA/GBUS 843 strategical HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTINATIONAL forcefulness SELECTION SYSTEM professors Diana E. Kra persona and Reiner Piske wrote this case solely to result material for sept tidings. The authors do non int stopping point to expand either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may wealthy person wrapped true names and oppo tell apart identifying affirmation to protect confidentiality.Ivey Management function prohi mans in wholly(prenominal) form of reproduction, storage or transmittal with out(p) its written permission. training of this material is non denyed under authorization by some(prenominal) reproduction proficients organization. To lay out copies or request permission to reproduce materials, inter overhaul Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey S chool of Business, The University of Western Ontario, Lon get into, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7 ph superstar (519) 661-3208 facsimile machine (519) 661-3882 electronic mail emailprotected uwo. ca. Copyright 2007, Ivey Management Services Version (A) 2007-12-11On Monday morning at 830 a. m. , Dr. Thomas Koch was leaving his luxury condominium on the 28th floor of a building specific bothy constructed for expatriates and Hong Kongs wealthier citizens. He was going d generate got to Ca utilizeway Bay, towards his office in Hong Kongs underlying business district. On the way, Koch listened to the voice mail messages on his cell ph unrivaled, one of which was from the assistant of the firms owner, Peter Koenig. The message stated that Koch was judge to call back before his coming together with the human resources (HR) police squad that he was fall outing.The human resources ag assembly get together was scheduled in order to bugger off together German and Chinese human resource smarts to form a crossfunctional project team. In the context of orbicular remnantructuring, the club, ComInTec AG & Co (ComInTec), had introduced a freshly regional management level. As a result, 25 midway management positions were anticipate to be fill up in the Asian-Pacific-region (APAC) (e. g. regional psyche of purchasing, regional breaker point of supply range of a function management, national chief administrator officers (CEOs), national head of finance and accounting, and national head of operations).A new force out survival clay of rules was confronted to fill these positions with qualified employees. ComInTecs own recruitment channels, as well as head hunters, would be chartered for the recruitment form. The overall responsibility for implementing the new military force weft make was the responsibility of the project team. According to the comp some(prenominal)s inhouse globose fixing policy, 90 per cent of the new management positions were filled by individualistics who originated from the pastoral they would be operative in.The affected aras complicated gross sales and marketing, purchasing, supply chain management, and finance and accounting, at locations in Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Jakarta, Melbourne, Sydney and Shanghai. The managers annual salary ranges among 40,000 and 150,000, depending on the location. The new military unit option placement for APAC was part of the comp whatevers new objective to standardize all human resource instruments for cream purposes around the globe. This new forcefulness extract dodging had to be effect inner(a)ly. pageboy 2 9B07C041 BACKGROUNDFor s invariablyal old age now, Koch had been finding faults in the spirit of the individual assessment centres. According to Kochs opinion, on that point was solely in truth limited opportunity to influence possible modifications because the individual assessment centres were conducted by external consulting firms. Ad ditionally, Koch questioned the validity of the information throwed from the centres, as well as the strength salternative dodging as a sit downisfying. ComInTec had little interest in empirically evaluating the validity of the assessment centres and statistically analyzing the outcomes of such(prenominal) personnel pick procedures.Koch identically mat the bespeak to rectify the surfeits of the structured inter visualises that were found on the panoramas authoritative situation, as opposed to the prospects previous(prenominal) work get down. Koch firmly conceived that what happened in the past was believably to be repeated in the future, and thus had actually little preference for selective interviews that did non consider the campaigners past. Overall, efforts to improve the current survival systems had whole r bely been underinterpreted collect to limited era and the cypher allotted for personnel affairs a memor adequate fact that Koch had al put up pointed out to the management some(prenominal) time.The ripening of a new transnational personnel selection system now posed a bulky challenge for Koch and his project team. T present was one fact, however, which he noticed with replacement at that place were no expatriates in the new selection system because the selected managers were compulsory to be living in APAC. Currently, ComIncTec simply sent those nominees abroad that had the requisite severe skills and experience, regardless of inter ethnic competencies.Koch remembered how difficult it was at times to find person provideing to move his or her centre of carriage, including family, to a contrary sur cause ara. He excessively knew from his own emigration experience that no training (e. g. lyric or cultural norms) was offered to prepargon him. With this in heed, he hired supply for his project team that would globally represent the countries involved a Chinese research assistant who stainless a bach elor in HR management, an some different trainee from china, and a German intern who had completed iv semesters in psychology.The team, which in any case included additional HR managers from the headquarters office, had already been working on the development of the new personnel selection system for four months. Over the past few weeks numerous grouping meetings had been held, yet no noteworthy progress had been make. cardinal reason could be attributed to the fact that thither was diaphanous heterogeneity between the German and Asian team members opinions regarding the new personnel selection system. This created an ambiance that was tense and dissent with respect to sharing the workload.For forthwiths meeting, the goal was to come to a consensus on several burning(prenominal) issues (1) what individual mental facultys the new personnel selection system should contain, (2) whether country-specific adaptations were necessary and executable for for for from distribu tively one one one module, and (3) the implementation demonstrate of the new personnel instrument at separately APAC location. The APAC-situated plants were the companys top-selling ones in that respectfore, any faulty decisions with respect to HR (e. g. personnel selection) were extremely cost- licenced to the University of Regina for use by professor Sandra Steen in the pass MBA/GBUS 843 strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. When Koch first heard nigh the above miscellaneas, it warmly occurred to him that this would not be easy. He knew that personnel selection procedures currently varied significantly between countries. He also knew that the real selection instruments were by no means flawless in any specific country. After the application documents were analyzed, structured interviews with the campaigners were conducted by a plane section representative and an HR specialist.If both interviewers came to a positive conclusion on the expectations qualific ations, the top out face completed an individual assessment centre in order to point out his/her interpersonal competencys rather than his/her pro competencies. The individual assessment centres consisted of biographical questions, case studies on tipership in an worldwide context and participation in a leaderless group stool-and- make for. Ultimately, additional references were obtained for each candidate, although different procedures existed in different countries.For example, references gathered in Asia only indorse a candidates previous function and duration of manipulation according to common employment law. After reference checks were completed, each candidate acquire written feedback and a report was generated and added to the conquestful candidates personnel file. scalawag 3 9B07C041 intense. The personnel selection system in APAC, as a whole, would eat up large-scale consequences affecting the entire company. As Koch was walking in the crowded Causeway Bay ar gona he was not paying much attention.To Koch, who could not distinguish between Asians, it seemed as if they were crawling across the streets the likes of ants, all busy on their phones. As usual, it was a very hot day. For Koch, now 48 years old, this was intolerable. He took off his light-coloured linen jacket and placed his tie, terrorening to strangle him, in his brief case. He had fork overed from a business solecism in Sydney the previous Saturday and was still feeling the effects of the lengthy flight. The next business trip was scheduled for the upcoming Thursday off to Jakarta for a week, Shanghai, consequently Munich for a meeting of the Global Steering Committee Human Resources.He check over his schedule and remembered the phone call he received earlier from Koenigs assistant. Koch would be arriving at his office indoors 10 minutes, which allowed him time to return Koenigs phone call before the scheduled meeting. It had been 17 years now that Koch had been worki ng in the HR department for ComInTec and three years in the regional headquarters in Hong Kong. After working umpteen years for ComInTec he was currently the HR director, thanks to his de conclusion, networking skills, ability to be amplyly adaptable to new situations, and his talent to be at the right place at the right time.He was in charge of all HR decisions within ComInTec in APAC. ComInTec was a worldwide leading industrial company with administration, plants, and sales offices in Central Europe, Eastern and Western Europe, APAC, Central and sec America, and North America. Like many other companies, ComInTec was forced to establish retrenchment procedures between 2003 and 2006. Worldwide, 900 problems were cut. Koch was actively involved in the staff cutbacks that had taken place. He had visited the plants, equipped with PowerPoint presentations that had been verified by the executive board to be politically correct.He spoke to the workers and praised ComInTecs ethics and corporate philosophy, despite the cutbacks. He communicated the cutbacks to the workers as a temporary crisis, pointing out that it was mainly cod to natural fluctuations and that it was parttime employees who were cut, with the affected workers creation offered fair compensation packages. In consequence of the eitherday economic situation in the years of 2003 to 2006, ComInTec unfortunately had no other option. He additionally thanked the staff for their loyalty and appreciation with personal gifts and reports in the companys internal newsletter.Since then, the company had recovered from the crisis. ComInTec employed 23,000 employees worldwide and made more than than 5. 8 billion in sales. Koch arrived at the rhytidoplasty to his office. He was surrounded by Asian colleagues in the scoop up mood, all in coherently grey suits, greeting each other as they waited for the elevator. When he got off the elevator, there were two of the three Chinese secretaries fate tea and frui ts. His appearance eer ca employ a general haste among the secretaries. They all confirmed his daily appointments, signifying that his work day had officially commenced.Koch called on a secretary, who came running on the double, accompanied by a Yes, sir and a tough smile, yet she avoided eye-contact by flavour down to the floor. She reminded him that Koenig was waiting for him to return his call. Without being able to name a cause for it, this secretarys conduct triggered un legitimatety in Koch. All her gestures appe bed submissive as she perpetually nodded her head regardless of praise or dispraise always interpreting and friendly. Koch picked up the telephone and Koenig instantly began speaking Mr.Koch, you make love how much I consider your dedication to the company, but I grant concerns active the current external selection procedures. We train something that is going to work, and work immediately And come int you dare try to offer me this empirical or validity f lood. I dont give a damn. You call for a whole department with highly qualified people. I assume you are competent of filling these vacant management positions. We also pick out a selection system that works everywhere. We cannot commit to apply different authorize to the University of Regina for use by professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. paginate 4 9B07C041 procedures in every country. What we need are consistent procedures, something relevant cross-nationally and cross-regionally. You, as a cosmopolitan, should know exactly what I mean. I also expect everything to be documented to a tee. Although Koch shared Koenigs extravagance for an improved personnel selection system, there were many complications that could arise of which Koenig seemed ostensibly unaware.As sensitively as possible and with all due respect, Koch tried to inform Koenig approximately possible problems. First, Koch argued that although a transnational personnel selection system could assume its advantages, these advantages may become costly when they are not easily implemented in each region. Each country had its own uncommon economic and education situations, which would undoubtedly become problematic when creating a linguistic universal personnel selection system. Koenig should only think of Thailand, for example, where it is more difficult than anywhere else to find qualified managers.With respect to cultural differences, Koch argued that a regularize personnel selection system would also most likely ignore cultural differences and culture-specific circumstances. This would not only affect the individual modules of the system, but also the rudimentary concern requirements, the adaptation of modules to specific countries, and the use of specific personnel selection methods. Koch also expressed his concern with Koenigs lack of interest in testing the validity of the new selection procedures Mr. Koenig, some thing that is expected to work should be tested thoroughly.This is the only way to be certain that it impart in truth work. We go away need to test and then evaluate each and every single module in each country. This process leave behind provide a basis on which we ordain be able to improve the original procedures. Due to all the possible problems that may arise with the new system, it is imperative that we invest in developing it properly. Of course, that wasnt exactly what Koenig treasured to hear Dont tell me about problems, I requirement solutions, and you should not immerse that this is what I pay you and your team to do. You have until the end of this week to deliver final and written conclusions of this matter.If not, I pull up stakes mow your team in Hong Kong by half, and I allow delegate the development of this new system to global headquarters. Mr. Koenig, Koch replied, please keep in mind that my team has been working on this assignment for months, including we ekends. Nevertheless, Koenig underlined Kochs point of view with the commanding tone typical of him Either you forget come up with something useful by the end of this week, or central headquarters leave alone do the profession. End of discussion. Koch responded Mr. Koenig, we have cognise each other for 17 years now and you know that I always do whats best for this company.I fondly believe that as your HR manager, it is my responsibility and job to inform you about possible risks and problems that may exist with an ad hoc-developed and unevaluated international personnel selection system. Koch advised Koenig over again that his demands could lead to severe difficulties. Koch also added Mr. Koenig, please remember the problems we experienced a few years past with respect to staffing cutbacks. You indispensablenessed to send employees, who had been working for the Licensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic H R Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. foliate 5 9B07C041 company for many years, home without any kind of termination pay. Everything was to be done by us, without any kind of external consulting. I assume you remember that I told you in advance how risky such a staff reduction can be. I am certain that you testament also remember that I informed you that the jural process would create a high financial risk to the company with employees with legal action seeking claims for damages and compensation. At the time you had underestimated the situation, and as a result our legal department had to deal with all the consequences.We were lucky that our lawyers were able to win most of the cases. Koenig was listening to these remarks with irritation and responded Dr. Koch, I am at the end of my tether with you. You need to stop focalizeing on the past. Its all water under the bridge. We are now aspect at 25 people we want to hire. This is my company and not yours. I depart be particip ating in directlys meeting via ikon gathering. I expect you to prepare everything at once so that the word picture conference give be working. And dont forget that I have put you in charge of the entire new personnel selection system.Koch would need to accept the fact that all of his protests to Koenigs operating instructions fell on deaf ears. He knew Koenig well enough to understand exactly what he wanted and that he would not change his mind. For Koenig, dateless loyalty to the company, endurance, a reach-on mentality, and assertiveness were most important. He was known for his strong suss out orientation not only by the members of the global steering group, but also by the plants employees. Two weeks prior, he went to Malaysia unexpected and snuck into one of the plants in order to see the night shifts work with his own eyes.In addition, every executive knew that Koenig had established staff employees, so called key functionaries, in every country. The problem of these key functionaries, or spies as Koch liked to call them, was to report to Koenig about everything that was happening on site in detail, particularly any wrong doing of management. But Koenig did not combining these key functionaries either, with his motto being Trust is strong, control is better. Only if there was 100 per cent agreement between headquarters and the key functionaries was he exiting to attribute a certain degree of credibility to the situation.Koch could therefore understand the tactics of Koenig because they somewhat resembled his own tactics. Koch, neertheless, had difficulties with Koenigs control procedures because they without delay affected him and his team. In response to these procedures, Koch had established in APAC that each meeting and each decision that was to be made must be record by three individuals. Piles of paper were accumulating in his office as a result, and even special storage rooms were needed to reposition the paper masses.Furthermore, Koch remembered the intention coming from the central HR department, to standardize all personnel selection procedures including all criteria and approaches around the globe. This matter ended in talk due to conflicts regarding this question. With all this in the back of his mind, and the increasing wardrobe on his shoulders, Koch remarked to Koenig at the end of the phone call that the meeting would peradventure take several time of days, and that he assumed Koenig would not like to snuff it his precious time listening to every single detail regarding APACs selection system.Koenig hold that attending the meeting via video conference would not be in his best interest with respect to time, but sooner insisted even more that he receive the final draft of their decisions and the meeting minutes by Friday. Koch was proud to have achievementfully appeased Koenigs concerns for the moment, and he next turned his focus to the scheduled meeting. He was horrified when he glanced at his watch and realized that it was already 930 a. m. He jumped up abruptly from his desk and left for the conference room.When he arrived, his whole team and an unknown staff employee from global headquarters, probably a key functionary, Licensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. Page 6 9B07C041 Well, I ask today that you all present results from the past few months of hard work. I am only interested in the results and would like to avoid any great discussions concerning details. Mr. Koenig expects our final decisions in writing this upcoming Friday.In the case that he does not approve our recommendations, this project ordaining possibly be passed on to global headquarters. As a result, we will lose team members. You now know the importance of our meeting today. We need to legitimize our right to exist. The Chinese colleagues agreed by nodding their heads uniformly. Koch notice d that this behaviour was always to be expected when there was an order from a member with higher hierarchical status. From Kochs perspective, this was a phenomenon reflecting cross-cultural differences (see shows 1 and 2).He a good deal asked him ego why his Chinese colleagues seemed to forget all priorities regarding time and content as soon as there was an order coming from someone higher in the hierarchy. How often did he observe his Chinese colleagues change their work completely and without any protest according to the orders of someone with higher status? Koch quite often got the characterization that his Asian colleagues and co-workers followed the principle Seniority is king. Yue Yu, a Chinese HR employee, uprise to speak. In her concise way, she stated One crucial question concerns the comment of the job requirements and their profiles.After several discussions we have come to the conclusion that the positions to be filled differ in their content. Hence, we plead to define the job requirements specifically for each position, and to allow flexibility of the job requirements for other positions. More precisely, we want to key 15 dimensions five components that test the candidates professional competencies, and 10 dimensions that evaluate social competencies. Andreas Mueller, the German economist who possessed extensive experience in HR management, countered Yue Yu You must be joking.The inclusion of 15 dimensions is not what our team has refractory on. That is your opinion, which is not shared with anybody here. I told you many times that the acquisition of 15 dimensions is simply impossible. Yes, thats what you said earlier, answered Yue Yu, but I find we should establish as many dimensions as possible. Well, I disagree, Mueller expandd, who could not stand being interrupted, It is important to define clearly distinguishable job requirements that are measurable, describable, and that are equally relevant in all countries of APAC. Yue Yu, a ffright by her German colleagues manner, blushed and looked down towards the floor, signaling that she did not dare to say anything further. Yue Yu often found it difficult to cope with negative feedback, particularly when it occurred in seem of her colleagues. There had been several times already that she could not stand up to Mueller, which seemed to affect her more and more each time. She had once spoken to Koch about her difficulties communicating with Mueller however, Koch was quickly irritated by the complaint and asked her to wait and hope for an improvement of the situation. Koch assumed the confrontation betweenLicensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. were already waiting impatiently. In order to keep the meeting attendees occupied while they waited, the thoughtful secretary was serving coffee and snacks, resulting in a trice breakfast for many of them. Koch welco med everyone, apologized for being late, and began the meeting, We are here today to decide about the future personnel selection system for APAC, which, when complete, will influence the complete global employee selection system within ComIntTec considerably. After these previous words, he asked the German intern Sarah Goldmann and her Chinese HR assistant Dai Wei to record the meeting minutes. Koch continued, I need everything we discuss here today to be recorded in detail. The records must happen with the preciseness of a surgeon The German team members threw disfavouring looks at each other however, the Asian team members approved of the instructions by nodding their heads. Koch started Page 7 9B07C041 he two colleagues was generally right a mistaking due to cultural differences (see Exhibits 1 and 2), and told her to bring the matter to his attention again only if it was absolutely necessary. Yue Yu never discussed the situation with Koch again. The German, in-house psycholo gist Sabine Weitmann, who was known for her differentiating thinking, indomitable to join the discussion In my point of view, the question regarding the number of dimensions is only secondary. It is important that we first establish the contents of the job requirements. I counsel we replace the term job requirements with the more modern term competencies.In my opinion, a multinational requirement profile should contain competencies such as technical and vocational skills, social competencies, leadership competencies, communicative competencies, flexibility, and adaptability. Why these skills and not others? interjected Dai Wei, the Chinese HR assistant, who was not satisfied with Weitmanns selection of skills. Well, during my studies at the Strategic Human Resource Management Institute in Hong Kong, where I completed my MBA, I learned and experienced that a multitude of skills are unimportant in personnel selection.I think we should therefore consider additional skills. For exam ple, vehemence tolerance, resilience, cooperation skills, willingness to learn, am fine-lookinguity tolerance, goal-orientation, problem-solving skills, decision-making skills, and intercultural competencies. But Dai Wei, contradicted Mueller, It is totally obvious that this kind of proposition will encounter problems. That is simply not doable. Besides, the intention to establish more than sixer job requirements turned out to be problematic in the past.Did you ever think about the difference between intercultural competence and social competence? Dai Wei was obviously irritated by the criticisms he received in front of the team and was in the process of losing his temper, which was easily detected by looking at his face, which had become flushed. These well-known signs alerted Weitmann, who tried to calm the situation with her objection and who cherished the illusion of having salvaged this precarious situation We should not waste anymore time debating this topic, which weve already discussed many times before.lets occlusive cogitate. clear his throat, Mueller stated, It is pointless to discuss the skills and job requirements. We are under time insistence and I therefore suggest that we bring about a absolute majority balloting with respect to the skills. No, said the Chinese trainee, who participated in a discourse training course last weekend and had been therefore sensitized to group dynamic processes, A majority vote is not the solution. It may lead to good decisions not succeeding because certain team members follow the uniform opinion of the majority.We should try to reach a consensus on this issue. While the Asian colleagues began to nod their heads in agreement, Mueller, who did not like to leave anything to chance, responded, Well, I believe there should be six dimensions, namely cooking/organization, initiative, adaptability, conflict management, decisionmaking/goal-orientation, and leadership. These dimensions are not only importan t for a managers success in APAC, but on a worldwide scale. Andreas, countered Weitmann, what are your conclusions ground on? We need dimensions that have been empirically verified.Although it is great that you have your opinion, what we need are empirically validated dimensions. Well, I would like to settle this dispute, replied Bettina Carter, a German lawyer who had lived in California for many years, and who was now ready to explore the world of APAC with her American husband. The always down-to-earth Carter opined, Clearly, this is easy. We simply use the German dimensions and adapt them to the management positions in APAC. I am certain that everybody here knows that these are the dimensions mentioned by Mueller earlier. Koch, who was already feeling mentally jade from listening to the discussion, said Licensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. Page 8 9B07C041 I neithe r have the time nor the energy to be debating these objects. Our hands are full and even though were going in the right direction, it is only a first bill to come up with dimensions. I am in charge of everything here and I would like to avoid losing my head over these debates. Lets vote. Who agrees with the dimensions suggested by Sabine?Silence took over the room. Who will support the dimensions outlined by Andreas? The vote was suddenly interrupted by a cellular phone peal in the tone of an alarm system. Sorry, sorry about that, apologized the Chinese trainee, who was no longer writing the meeting minutes, but instead trying to control his cell phone. Koch concluded There you go It is official and we agree. I herewith announce that the job requirements for the selection of managers be assessed on six dimensions preparation/organizing, initiative, adaptability, conflict management, decision-making/goal-orientation, and leadership.These dimensions will be used for managers in al l departments (e. g. sales and marketing, purchasing, supply chain management, finance, and accounting) and all locations (e. g. Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Jakarta, Melbourne, Sydney and Shanghai). We will also incorporate vocational competencies. All recorders please write down that statement. Eventually Goldmann, the German intern, remarked with gladness that she could finally soft touch with her boss It appears to me that the definition of the job requirements should not be done separately from the new personnel selection system module definitions.I learned in university to define certain requirements for module X and the requirements that will then be tested in another module Y. Everybody in the room was surprised at this, and even Weitmann and Mueller complimented Goldmann for her suggestion. Yes, this is a very good proposition, hence, Weitmann said. Mueller, who saw his chance to get back to the topic, added, We should continue with a imperious approach. Lets deci de on the modules, and then we can substantiate the job requirements per module. Sabine, surely you will agree with me on this. After the persistent debate, which still wasnt very productive, Koch was now only following the discussion half-heartedly. Similarly, the Chinese trainee was on the verge of falling into a deep trance. Koch contumacious he would no longer intervene on the discussions, right off I am just going to sit in on this meeting, he thought to himself. These people are beating around the bush and are trying to profile themselves at my cost. I am under Mr. Koenigs pressure, being spied on by the headquarters staff employees, in a city that is still strange to me, and without any hope for improvement.With a shouted voice he blurted out, What shall it be, and everybody in the room looked at him in an anomic fashion. Is everything OK? the German intern Goldmann, who found this behaviour extremely strange, asked with worry. She remembered an introductory course of cl inical psychology and believed that this behaviour could be an indication of a pathological disorder. However, Koch replied, Yes, of course, everything is perfectly fine, which temporarily reassured Goldmann.It was now Kochs intention to fulfill his leading role by trying to motivate his team members to move on to the next important issue the definition of the modules and the job requirements for each module. Dai Wei responded, We have been working on this question for a very long time, and subsequent several modifications and discussions, we finally agreed. We think as a team that a multinational Licensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. Page 9 9B07C041 Yes, Dai Wei, replied Yue Yu, who was always intent to maintain harmony. Weitmann, who was still a bit annoyed because her suggestion regarding the competencies was rejected, stated Dai Wei, you forgot an important module. W hen I attended an international conference in Philadelphia, I had the opportunity to meet an internationally-known scientist. Like me, the professor considers it essential to use standardize testing procedures. The professor has shown empirical severalise that validity of personnel selection amplifys if psychometric testing procedures are used in addition to other modules.For that reason, I advocate for intelligence tests and spirit tests to be added to the personnel selection system. We have discussed this before and my suggestion was received positively. Replied Mueller Sabine, your test knowledge is impressive, but unfortunately such procedures will lead us into a dead-end street. As you know, standardized tests have several disadvantages. They are not generally highly accepted and cultural problems exist. atomic number 18 you aware of any intelligence or temperament tests that can be applied equally worldwide and for which there are test suppositional indices in stock(pr edicate)?Weitmann, getting worked up about the topic, responded, Well, these are minor problems, and if we need to we can ask our interns, trainees or HR assistants to develop such standardized tests. Or we could assign an external consulting firm to the task. Carter, who in the meantime was scrolling with her voluminous toil law book, jumped into the conversation I dont think we should debate this issue any further. We have already decided several weeks ago to include testing procedures in the selection process. merely to be sure, I will confirm that the testing procedures coincide with the labour laws.We should now concentrate on how the individual modules will look and what skills should be covered in which module. That is a good suggestion, agreed Dai Wei. Increasingly gripped by this trend-setting suggestion, Mueller now cleared his throat and offered to summarize the contents of the modules After due consideration, we have come to the conclusion that the first step of this multinational personnel selection system will be conducted in a similar manner at all Licensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. election system for APAC should be two-tiered. The first tier consists of three modules a reckon of the candidates application documents, a telephone conference with the applicants that should be conducted in an unorganised manner, and the obtaining of three references from former employers. Unlike the current procedures, references should not only be used to verify past employment and the duration of employment, but also include a statement regarding the candidates personality. Four modules will follow in the second tier.Specifically, a board interview, a biography-oriented in-depth interview, a simulated group exercise, and testing procedures. Does everybody still agree on these modules and the two-tiered system? Page 10 9B07C041 Koch stepped in , Thanks, Andreas for your summary. Dai, could you please illustrate the second tier modules in an equally precise fashion? I will try, taking a deep breath, Dai Wei said The second level of the selection process will consist of as already mentioned a grace interview, a biography-oriented in-depth interview, a simulated group exercise, and a test.The purpose of the panel interview is to obtain detailed information about the candidate with respect to the required skills Andreas just summarized. That means that the competencies will be evaluated in this module of the selection process. The panel interview is a standardized exercise based on the critical-incident-technique. The candidate describes one critical situation and his or her behaviour in each situation for each of the six job requirements. Instructions and questions for the candidates have already been prepared.I will give you an example for the dimension planning/organization. The instructions will read An efficient man ager has to be capable of organizing his or her order of business well in order to achieve specific goals. This includes, but is not limited to, prioritizing competing tasks well and delegating tasks to other employees in a incidentally fashion. Discuss a time last year when you had to keep a tight and challenging schedule. Also include methods you usually apply for time management. This introductory instruction will be followed by five unrestricted questions that have to be answered by each candidate. An example for the dimension planning/organization is as follows Think about an event in which you showed previously discussed skills. Explain the circumstances. Describe precisely what you have done in order to manage this situation. What was the outcome? Who will be able to verify what you have described here? The candidate will receive similar questions for the remain five dimensions. Each candidate will be given an hour to prepare his or her answers.Afterwards, they will be given 30 minutes to present the results, with panel members given the opportunity for queries. Each candidate will then receive a score for each dimension (e. g. 5 being outstanding, 3 being acceptable, and 1 being unacceptable). The scores will then be Licensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. locations. Module one, a viewing of the candidates application documents, shall be conducted by applying the 6-eye-method. That is, three persons will be analyzing the applicants documents regarding his or her suitability for the targeted position. The result of this analysis is a preliminary selection of candidates. Individual telephone conferences with the remaining candidates will follow. The conferences will be attended by the candidate and two members of our team the executive program at the site in APAC and one person from the German headquarters. The conference shall be conducte d in an unstructured manner with everyone having the opportunity to ask the candidate questions.The goal of the conference will be to verify the candidates suitability for the position, his or her motivation for the position, and to obtain a general, overall depressive disorder of the candidate. If a consensus is reached that the candidate is suitable for the considered position three references from former employers or colleagues will next be obtained. As you all know, the reference system has paid off well in Europe, especially because it enabled us to identify all those cheaters and impostors. This will likely be doable in Asia as well.In the case that the references are predominantly positive, the first level of the selection process is completed. Subsequently, the candidate will have to pass the modules of the second tier. Dai Wei, would you like to illustrate the modules of the second tier in detail? Page 11 9B07C041 Lets move forward to the second module in the second tier t he in-depth biography-oriented interview. Dai Wei continued At this stage we verify a candidates strengths and weaknesses, but the primary objective is to gain insights into the candidates private and professional past.The in-depth biography-oriented interview shall be conducted by a psychologist. We are especially interested in the candidates expectations, how parents and other family members have influenced him or her, how cultural background affects his or her decisions, and possible untreated conflicts the candidate may have to face. The interview shall not be oriented towards job requirements, but instead consider the candidates complete life span and be of a general nature. Following this in-depth biography-oriented interview, a mental opinion shall be furnished.This opinion will be filed in our documents, without the candidate having the right to view it. It is important that the interviewer and the candidate have the same cultural background in order to prevent any possibl e mistake during the interview (e. g. a candidate for a position in China shall be interviewed by a Chinese psychologist). Although this requirement may create additional expenses, we find it justifiable and needed to ensure an accurate expert opinion on the candidates qualifications is obtained. Dr. Koch, Dai Wei said, What do you think about this approach? I am not quite sure at the moment, Koch responded, I think it is very likely that a few of the suggestions just are not feasible given the high costs involved. For now, I am not able to say anything definite. We will have to wait. jade by the long-lasting discussions, it was becoming more and more difficult for Koch to stay focused and absorb the arguments. He noticed that Yue Yu had not spoken out on anything, including the rivalry between Weitmann and Mueller Koch was convinced, as he could see in many different situations that a leader should stay out of these issues. One could not change things anyway. Change, it crossed Kochs mind, Can one change a situation, in ones life? No, people never change. Neither do circumstances in life. You get thrown in and there is no way out, and it would be a hopeless travail to try it. Koch tried to take control over the situation again Well, lets move on to the two last modules of the selection system. Licensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. summarized, forming the basis for the decision as to the panels level of recommendation.We discussed for a lengthy time whether we should inform the candidates in advance about the dimensions (e. g. the meaning of each). In order to guarantee transparency for the candidate, we decided to inform them of all dimensions a priori. It is our hope that this will increase a candidates acceptance and understanding of the modules purpose. Furthermore, we discussed whether the critical incidents should be presented in English, or whether they should also be usable in other languages. We discussed the pros and cons thoroughly. From my own experience, it is difficult at times to communicate to someone in a second language.We decided it would be best to give the candidates the option of answering the questions in their language of choice. The instructions and questions will therefore be translated by professional translators from English into the particular language. In order to guarantee accuracy in the translation, the instructions and questions will be translated into English again (i. e. the back translation technique). Although this extra translation step may appear as more work, it is warranted to ensure the translation is indeed reflective of its original content.These extra expenses can offer a awful advantage, especially for the Shanghai location. We are certain that we can effectively cover relevant dimensions that are cross-culturally important with this method. A separate pre-test is not desig nated. Page 12 9B07C041 Sabine, please explain modules three and four. How do they look? What competencies do they include? Are there any culture-specific adaptations that need to be dealt with? Weitmann thirstily began to inform her colleagues about the modules I can certainly do that.We are looking at a simulated group exercise and the adoption of standardized test procedures. The group exercise has been integrated in order to acquire typical dimensions, which are usually diagnosed in assessment centres, in a similar way. The assignment of an assessment centre for one or two days and the culture-specific adaptations would mean increased expenses. For these reasons, we have excluded this option, and alternatively will be using simulated group discussions. The candidate and three professional role players will participate in the leaderless group discussions. The role layers have to complete a two-day-long training session, after which they will receive an internal certificate sta ting that they can act as professional role players. preceding to the group discussions, the role players will receive specific instructions containing standardized roles. The role players include the devils advocate, whose task is to contradict the candidates opinion, the supporter, who is always on the candidates side, and the viewless one, who does not participate in the argument, but who will propose opinions that dont have anything to do with the topic at all.Prior to the discussion, each participant will be informed about the topic. The chosen topic should deal with issues that move over to the development of the employees in their own department. The topic shall be identical APAC-wide. We have deliberately chosen a topic away from specific skills in order to allow each candidate equal chances for the completion of this task. Naturally, candidates with strong leadership skills will have advantages over those who have only been in a leading position for a short time.The candi date will not be informed that the discussants are role players with specific assignments. The dimensions that will be evaluated in the group discussions include communication, cooperation, stress tolerance/resilience, assertiveness, and ambiguity tolerance. The roles and individual instructions will only be available in English in order to standardize the exercises cross-nationally. The group discussions shall also be carried out in English. The candidate will be given 15 minutes to prepare for the discussion after the topic has been revealed.The whole discussion will be video-taped. This recording will then be made available to three independent observers, who will ideally come from different countries. It is their task to observe the candidates behaviour during the discussion, and to assess the candidates behaviour with respect to all relevant dimensions and in compliance to the behavioural scale available to the observers. Additionally, each observer has the opportunity to write down his observations qualitatively.The observations of all observers will then be collected and statistically converted into a final score for each candidate. It is important to mention that every observer, who can be recruited from any hierarchical level, must pass an observer training course that teaches the bedrock of behavioural observation, the meaning and importance of such exercises, the dimensions, behavioural indicators for each dimension, as well as the role players assignments of their specific roles. That concludes all the information we have gathered on the simulated group discussion.Goldmann, interrupted Licensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. Page 13 9B07C041 I dont want to be rude, but isnt it important to take the candidates perspective into consideration, as well? I mean, if the candidate has no wrap about the situation in which he or she is in, he or s he deserves clarification as well as extensive feedback once the group discussion is completed. I think that extensive feedback, in both oral and written form, must absolutely follow the module. It is nice that you think that, Mueller countered Licensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. But unfortunately nobody cares about the candidates perspective. We are interested in choosing the right person, certainly not in satisfying the applicants. What horseplay these never-ending discussions on fairness and acceptance. Reality differs significantly from the ideal procedures we are taught in university, my dear.It is really annoying the kind of stuff that is being taught at our renowned universities, and most likely by professors that have not seen much outside of their institutes, let alone in a company. Goldmann, who only wanted to contribute with a suggestion, was obviously upset about the comment. She could barely hold back her tears as she marched out of the conference room. The Chinese trainee followed her with the intention of calming her down, losing the handouts he had prepared for the meeting and that he was supposed to distribute beforehand.Finally, Yue Yu ran out of the room and into the female washroom, where she found Goldmann looking miserable, in tears and close to a nervous breakdown. Dr. Koch, Carter, who saw herself accountable to demonstrate her judicial knowledge, advised I think that this argument has meritoriousness to it. Candidate feedback is important. Just imagine the consequences and damaging results of not providing feedback. Feedback should not be underestimated. I am particularly thinking about rejected candidates. ComInTec cannot afford these kinds of mistakes. Koch agreed only partly and replied Mrs.Carter, now you have subscribed to this view, too. Do you have any precedent? As you know, all candidates receive feedback in wr iting regarding their overall impression. As you should know further, this feedback does not cover any specific dimension or module, but it offers a very good general conclusion. Should candidates be interested in the impression they made, they simply need to read the report. That should be sufficient. I do not agree that we should focus on unpleasant feedback, or would you like to conduct all of those conversations yourself, Mrs. Carter?Now the psychologist jumped into the discussion, acting as a mediator. She pointed out the following The question regarding the feedback should not be our priority. We still need to discuss module four. I am talking about the testing procedures that have to be included in the selection system. As I have mentioned before, it is essential to use psychometric testing procedures. Insofar, module four consists of an intelligence test and a personality test that every candidate has to complete. That gives us indicators for general intelligence as well as for the big five. The specific test procedures will be used still have to be specified for each country of course. But I am convinced that we will be able to manage that. Page 14 9B07C041 With the Goldmann still in the bathroom crying, there was only one recorder left, which resulted in much of the meeting no longer being documented. Dai Wei, who had returned to the meeting and was trained in presentation techniques, felt obligated to conclude the points that were most important with the use of a overbold chart If I may conclude, we have decided that the ersonnel selection system consists of two tiers that include several modules. We have specified these modules in content and procedures. Hence, we have achieved the first step of our meeting. We intended furthermore to specify the adaptations for each target country and how to implement those modules. We need to next reach a consensus on the second and third goal of this meeting. Koch commented Dai Wei, what are you thinking? It is already 130 p. m. and that means that the time for our meeting is more than up. We wint be able to decide on the remaining points today.I expect that the recorders will make a flawless and written report available by 900 Wednesday morning. Please pass this on to Sarah and Yue Yu. This will give me time to review all the meeting minutes and finalize any unresolved issues. You should expect a final copy of the resolutions on the multinational selection system to be available by Friday at 9 a. m. With respect to the issues that were not resolved today, I will make the decisions myself and include them in the report. This resolution shall also deal with the questions that we could not look into, due to the lack of time today.I dont care how you will do it just do it. Thank you for your attendance at this meeting, Dai Wei, Sabine, Mrs. Carter, Andreas, and honourable sir of staff. With these words, Koch alter the meeting. Due to the lengthy meeting, there was no lunch break. This pa rticularly fazed the Chinese team members, but it was not voiced. Koch believed that Asians set a high value on lunch breaks because they highly value food and bullion. Unfortunately, Koch could not be bothered to worry about it according to him, food and money were the lower motivators on the Maslow Pyramid of needs.He muttered under his breath Those Asians, its always just about food, money, and shopping, and they are continuously on the phone what do they have to tell each other all the time? How often do I see them yelling at each other in Chinese, hard and ruthlessly, whereas they always show me a smile? You never know what they really think, and when I ask them they tell me something positive anyways. damaging remarks in front of the boss are obviously a big taboo, and the word no does not seem to exist in their vocabulary.Right after the meeting, Koch went straight to his office and did not come out again for the rest of the afternoon. Koch received the meeting minutes on Wednesday and wrote his final report for Koenig. Koch later received a short notice sent by Koenig via e-mail on Friday afternoon. Koenig informed him that important basic conditions and necessary adaptations had not been taken into consideration sufficiently in the new multinational personnel selection system therefore, he had handed the case over to global headquarters.In addition, the e-mail stated that there would be staff-related consequences for his department in Hong Kong. In response, Koch sat down to write a long letter to Koenigs attention. Licensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. Page 15 9B07C041 Exhibit 1 DIMENSIONS AND INDICATORS OF ethnical DIFFERENCES (HOFSTEDE) Power Distance Degree to which society members accept an unequal dispersion of power.Characteristics of large power hold Inequalities among people are expected and desired. little powerful people sh ould depend on the more powerful haughty values Organizational hierarchy reflects inequality between higher-ups and lower-downs Centralization is common Subordinates expect to be told what to do Wide salary range between top and bottom of organization The ideal boss is a merciful autocrat or good father Privileges and status symbols are common question Avoidance Degree to which society members feel uncomfortable by uncertain or unknown situations.Characteristics of strong uncertainty avoidance Uncertainty is felt as threat, feeling of anxiety Fear of ambiguous situations What is different, is weighty Suppression of deviant ideas Resistance to innovation Motivation by trade protection Masculinity/Femininity Masculinity pertains to societies in which social sexual activity roles are clearly distinct (i. e. men are supposed to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success whereas women are supposed to be more modest, mould and refer with the quality of life) femininity pertains to societies in which social gender roles overlap (i. e. both men and women are supposed to be modest, ender, and concerned with the quality of life). (pp. 82-83). Characteristics of masculine societies overabundant values are material objects and success Money and things are important Licensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. custody are supposed to be assertive, ambitious, and tough Women are supposed to be tender and take care of family affinitys Girls cry, boys dont Live in order to work focal point on equity, competition among colleagues, and performance answer of conflicts by fighting them outPage 16 9B07C041 Exhibit 1 (continued) Characteristics of feminine societies Dominant values are caring for others and maintenance of relationships People and warm relationships are important Men and women are both supposed to be tender and take care of relationships Work in order to live Stress on equality, solidarity and quality of work life Resolution of conflicts by agree and negotiation Individualism/Collectivism Individualism pertains to societies in which the ties between individuals are loose everyone is expected to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family.Collectivism as its opposite pertains to societies in which people from birth on are integrated into strong, cohesive ingroups, which throughout peoples lifetime continue to protect them in exchange for unquestioning loyality. (p. 51).Characteristics of individualist societies Individual interests give over collective interests Identity is based on the individual Employer-employee relationship is a contract that is supposed to be based on vulgar advantages Hiring and packaging decisions are supposed to be based on skills and rules only Management is management of individuals Task prevails over relationship Characterisitcs of collectivist societies fealty for the ingroup (family) Identity is based on the social network to which one elongs Harmony should always be maintained and direct confrontations should be avoided Employer-employee relationship is perceived in moral terms, like a family link Hiring and promotion decisions take employees ingroups into account Management is management of groups Relationship prevails over task Source Geert Hofstede, Cultures and Organizations Software of the Mind, London, 1991.Licensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13. Page 17 9B07C041 Exhibit 2 ASPECTS OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ANGLO VERSUS ASIAN Asian Collectivism related self meeting identity, group achievement & rewards, group loyalty, guanxi High power distance (hierarchy) Low power distance (equality) Work allocation based on competence, rather Age/seniority is King Formal interactions than age Do without asking Partnership is encouraged Empowerment regarded as a threat Informal interactions Empowerment is the key to growth Control Harmony Individuals take control Be in harmony with others rather than show bare expressions initiative or take charge Disagreements and differences are not a threat Emphasis on politeness, respect and emotional restraint disagreement maintains harmony equality upsets harmony Secular Religious/spiritual slide by your religion to yourself In Muslim countries, workplace, ethics, codes of behavior and dress are control by Muslim religious teachings Time off during working hours for prayers for Muslims throwaway thinking (high context) Linear thinking (low context) Circling around the topic Speech and argument patterns are linear Colorful and flowery language in India Ideas sanction by explanations and examples Concise Hate waffling Shame/ sustain Face criminality Governed by own conscience and internal What will others say? Group pressure to maintain group reputati on sense of right and wrong Give face dont question your leader Lose face look bad when publicly challenged Save face dont own up your own mistakes Gain face look good when praised in public Thick face no shame, dont care Show face manager visits your home Got face speech, behavior, dress reflect status in a family, business, or conjunction Anglo Individualism separated self Unique, personal space, goals, achievements Licensed to the University of Regina for use by Professor Sandra Steen in the course MBA/GBUS 843 Strategic HR Management, from 01/07/13 to 04/30/13.

Developments in Public Personnel Field

This paper deals with the trends, issues and challenges that argon creation faced by the existence military unit. These trends and issues may be categorized under (1) attention practices (2) technology and (3) Economic and Politics. Goernments all over the do main should learn this time what to do with their general strength so that they cig bette turn more in force(p) and more effective in the face of all the mentioned challenges. . IntroductionPublic or accomplished Service is a big part of the lives of the citizens of a nation whether they want it or non. on that point ar a look of organisation agencies that enquire the supporters of globe servants and passe-partouts. These professionals ar free from the political affiliations of people who exercise in the bureaucracy. There are developments in the federation, in the technology and some opposite areas of way that save an encounter in the lives of overt force play. This essay explores these parvenu t rends, strategies, approaches by looking at different areas that affect the lives and procedure of reality personnel.These new trends, issues and rising practices lead be divided into three study categories management practices, technology and economical situation. The first category deals mainly with the emerging issues in management much(prenominal) as potpourri, the rights and benefits of public personnel and how the establishment is opposeing to these trends. Secondly, the technological advancements that concussion the invent of public personnel will be looked at, venerationfully noting how these are revolutionizing the way that public personnel do their work. Lastly, the economic developments in the join States and the world will alike be historied to stick aroundher with their impact on the lives of workers in the Civil service sector.The political sympathies as an employer should take note of these developments and keep up with the times. Oftentimes, however, bureaucracy angles to react too slowly to the changes going on in the world. If this is the case, the public personnel will be disadvantaged. Nonetheless, this paper will in some(prenominal) case put send on several recommendations as to how the plight of public personnel could be meliorate by the government through the effective and effective use of resources in their respective faces. caution Practices manpower DiversityOne of the however ab surface crucial developments in public personnel in the twenty-first degree centigrade is the increasing recognition of transformation in the trading trading trading operations of public offices and agencies. Such diversity stems from the multicultural fabric of the Ameri commode society. There are Afri do-nothing Americans, Asians, Europeans and Latino in the get together States.It is impossible to squirt these people from be approach shot public personnel if they possess the skills and the educational requirements of dower i n the Civil Service. by means of the victories won by the Civil Rights endeavour in the United States in the past forty years or so, the US has amount a long way in granting enough rights and opportunities to people of divers(a) skin colors.The immigration to the US has also go on in the past few years that the demographic has changed. Through the ferment of globalization, more and more people from various nations are coming to the United States. Managing a diverse work force is in that respectfore becoming an imperative for most corporations and multinational companies in the US. This should also be the case with public personnel (Farazmand, 2007).There are a number of benefits that workforce diversity could offer to public offices and agencies. For one, perspectives and viewpoints in the office concerning pressing issues and concerns will be diverse, thus, providing the decision shaping machine with the ability to look at different angles before making distinguished dec isions. With obtain forward diversity, people will, more or less, look at something from virtually comparable lenses and perspectives. With diversity, however, there are new perspectives that could enable a broader look at issues plaguing the civil service and the rest of the society.One factor that influences the occurrence of diversity in both private and public organizations is the prevalence of migration and mobility of labor. People from diverse backgrounds oftentimes find themselves mingling with people from other(a) nationalities (Mavin & Girling, 2000). Diversity, however, is more than just a collection of nationalities within the organization. Rather, there are several sources of diversity that can serve as a point of conflict within the organizationpublic or private. Managing diversity, therefore, is an art that most public agencies and organizations should be dealt with effectively. These sources of diversity include gender, race, ethnicity, linguistic barriers, sexu al preferences and religion.As stipulated in the Constitution and the laws of the United States, these mannequins of differences should in no way affect the employment of persons or pr razet them from enjoying the privileges accorded to all person within the civil service of the country. The problem, however, is that, in a vista such as the public agencies and organizations, there are persons who may bugger off strong feelings, prejudices and biases against any of these sources of diversity and they may condescend to those who are not like them. As such, they might not be able to get along with sincere kinds of people in the civil service.Multiculturalism and the prevalence of diversity should be met with effective public personnel management strategies. The management should not be reactive and act as if they are always pacifying people, trouble-shooting problems and iron out out conflicts. Rather, diversity should be managed well by allowing practices and the organizational enculturation to become attuned to diversity. After all, the labor force has become heterogeneous and there seems to be no way to stop that at this stage (Sippola, 2005).Proactive management of diversity entails understanding the cultural and other differences among different peoples who belong to the organization. This also attend tos the management become more attuned to the composition of the public personnel workforce and make the necessary recommendations in legal injury of managing these personnel.Diversity is one thing that could help the organization thrive in the highly competitive world of the twenty-first century. Through diversity, the perspective of an organization becomes broader and the way in which the organization reaches out to people belonging to different groups.There is an increasing sense of job peril in the United States, work hours cannot be comp allowely controlled and the leadership path of managers may sometimes be unsuitable to that of the expectati ons of the organization. The well-being of the organization should not be compromised (Sparks, Faragher, & Cooper, 2001).The Need for Entrepreneurial Leadership some other problem plaguing the bureaucracy and the civil service in general is too much reliance on act and tested formula without exploring new possible ways of dealing with different problems and challenges that the government agencies are facing. Too often, leaders in the government fall in to look beyond the proverbial horizon of their respective agencies. As such, what happens is that they aver on previous records, previously successful formula rather than on carefully crafted strategies that address the present situation of their organizations. This is where entrepreneurial leadership comes in.One of the keywords intimately associated with entrepreneurship is innovation. This is the continuous pursuit for improvement and looking for new areas to improve the operations of the organization. If this were present in m ost public agencies, then the personnel can be empowered as they become more effective and streamlined in fulfilling their tasks. Unnecessary delays and red tape in the public offices tend to affect the level of innovativeness of public agencies in information technology and other areas of operation (Moon & Bretschneiber, 2002).Entrepreneurship is also closely associated with risk. If managers are willing to engage in risk in the name of innovation, then the organization will become bolder in pursuing entrepreneurship and innovation. When this happens, the followers will emulate the example of the bosses, and they, themselves, will engage in efforts and action that could lead to a more efficient and effective public service organization.TechnologyInternet, Web 2.0 and Business ApplicationsThe twenty-first century is marked by break-neck speed of technological breakthroughs and innovation. The world is still reeling from the impact of near instantaneous talk. The possibilities seem to be endless. When one company offers a product, three weeks later, a rival presents another product that is better and normally smaller than the one previously being offered. These technologies are changing the killscape painting of public personnel management, including the way in which business and office work are being done. These emerging technologies are outlined in the coterminous discussion.The Internet. The world is very much connected straightway, thanks to the wonder that is the Internet. With the number of websites all over the world today, the Internet has become a store of articles and k presentlyledge. Through these websites and other features of the Internet, readers and other users are able to check out the most recent breakthroughs in various fields of study in the world. More than that, with a simple click on the mouse, research can be undertaken. This means that workers can do more now that they are connected to the rest of the world (Sullivan & Lewis, 2002 ).Technology allowing workers to log on to the company intranet even while in a long distance from the office is now available. This is called remote access and makes use of the network of the Internet while pose forward a security means to protect the company from jailbreak and security compromise (Sullivan & Lewis, 2002).Email is another important factor of the internet that has come to the fore of business operations in the past few years. Without email, the world will continue to rely on snail mail, which is a much slower and inefficient means of communication. With email, the sender can directly character reference in the message on the estimator screen, hit the send dis fight and then wait for a few seconds before the receiver opens the email. another(prenominal) great thing astir(predicate) emails is that they can be use as vehicle of sending over large files over long distances (Sullivan & Lewis, 2011).Voice over internet Protocol. Another interesting feature of the In ternet that has recently come to the attention of the world is Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). This significantly lowered the cost of voice communications over the Internet. This feature has been incorporate into various instant messaging protocols such as Skype, Windows Messenger, AIM and chawbacon Messenger among others.It is also possible now to hold live moving picture and audio streaming. This has implications in holding video conferences over vast areas of land and territory. Hence, live video and audio streaming can help public agencies lower the cost of communication as they meet online. The security of information passed over the Internet is another important concern that must be addressed. Hence, the developments in Internet security and anti-virus technologies help users protect the users and the data that they are feeding and manipulating in the Internet. Information is a very important asset, oddly for public agencies that are service of process the broader p ublic. Thanks to the efforts of developers and anti-virus companies, most hackers are kept at bay and prevented from wreaking havoc in the systems of public agencies (Jackson & van der Wielen, 1998).The Internet, unneurotic with full IT infrastructure is already installed in most public agencies. This enables the agencies to assign friendly run more quickly and more efficiently. Without technology, such social services will be inaccessible to several sectors in the society (Jones & Dages, 2003). Given the many distractions at work, however, more and more managers realize the importance of introducing regulations and control mechanisms concerning the websites that may be accessed by the public personnel at work. While they are at work, if the IT system is open, then they can list to music while at the same time enjoy the resources for their confess personal use.The reality of digital distraction and information overload among workers is also looming over the twenty-first cen tury public personnel. As such, there should be a means of ensuring that only information pertinent to the job of the public personnel are accessed by the workers during the work session. Otherwise, they will be subdue to information overload. Information technology at work is a ambiguous sword. It can get a band of things done but if improperly used, it may also be harmful to the productivity and overall performance of an individual worker (Jackson & van der Wielen, 1998).The twenty-first century has been hailed as the coming of the knowledge economy where the workers are not only dealing with products and services but rather, they are dealing with information, data and knowledge. As such, technology is a prerequisite for the effective functioning of the public personnel in various areas of government and operations of such agencies.Teleworking and Telecommuting in the Public SectorThe advances and breakthroughs in the technology mentioned above paved the way for the emergence o f teleworking and telecommuting among the professionals in the United States. There emerged a new brand of professionals who do not have to report to the office of the agency as long as they are doing the job they have agreed to. Although telecommuting is not a new phenomenon, it has been around since the late 1980s. The only difference now is that the technology has made it so much convenient for teleworkers to thrive in the present system (DiMartino and Wirth, 1990).As long as a teleworker has access to computer and good internet connection, he may quit the work he agreed to. There are also a number of telecommuters from other countries who do the work for the public and private sectors in the United States. Another related litigate being utilized nowadays is outsourcing. takeers and companies outside of the United States establish partnerships with companies in the US so they can handle the operations of some areas of business.With the increasing popularity of outsourcing and telecommuting, the organization should arrive at a sound plan how to manage these kinds of worker. Of primary concern is the growth of teleworkers as professionals in their field and how they get the services that they deserve (Cooper, & Kurland, 2002).Teleworking has a number of impacts on the public personnel. It might be opted by employees who are taking care of a family member at home needing special attention, by a mother who wants to spend more time with her kids or by any other professional who simply wants this kind of arrangement. Teleworking is being used in the private sector but it can also be implemented in the public sector.Teleworking may be considered as a really radical departure from the usual mode of working as public personnel. Teleworkers enjoy an immense level of flexibility in terms of fulfilling their role and still pursuing other interests that they want to pursue.Teleworking, however, may be considered as a security breach in an organization that holds sma ll information in its data bank. In addition to this, teleworking introduces a level of uncertainty and difficulty in managing people. This is why, management should look into an gratifying means of accommodating both the usual full-time staff and those who have opted for teleworking.As the public sector start dealing with teleworking, it should carefully look into the pros and cons of the arrangement. Through this, they can maximize the presence of the teleworker in the organization while at the same time, making sure that its pitfalls are removed or at least minimized.Individual worker is really at the center of the teleworking arrangements. As long as there is an internet connection and computer, the teleworker can deliver his work. If possible, the organization should also undertake psychological tests to ascertain whether a certain employee is ready for the rigors and loneliness of the being a teleworker.Economy and PoliticsGlobalizationBecause of the rapid advances in communi cation and transportation technologies and the inter-relationships between and among the countries of the world, the nations are being brought closer together in a process known as globalization (Tomlinson, 1999).The changes being brought about by globalization are far-reaching and broad because it targets the politics, economics, culture and other areas of feel (Castles, 2001). Globalization can no longer be ignored because it has impinged on important processes that go on in the society. It is also not just a national issue but a worldwide one. If this process continues, then the world can become a borderless society in which labor and other resources can move freely without a round of hassle.In the management of public personnel, globalization has also become a real issue that must be dealt with by the bureaucracy. Globalization is also attack the established authority of the state over a certain territory, such as a nation-state. The role of the state and the government, there fore, is changing under the disconsolate impact of globalization.The focus of globalization is efficiency, decentralization and the trimming down of the bureaucracy. In terms of public personnel, this means letting go of a lot of employees and retaining only those who process the core processes and who are able to continue the operations of the agencies that will be affected. With globalization, this means that there will be greater decentralization and deregulation of power and autonomy (Bevir, Rhodes & Weller, 2003).The government, however, cannot simply do that without major repercussions. There has to be a careful study as to the kind of jobs and personnel that will be retained and which positions will be let go. If possible, will there be roles that can be combined? This way, the government will be able to save money while at the same time ensuring that the processes being looked after by the public personnel will be continued.ConclusionThe twenty-first century world is very dynamic. Technologies are changing very rapidly, the relationships between and among the countries of the world are becoming stronger. Economies are trading more freely and governments are still in charge of running their own respective territories. This is being done with the help of public personnel who are in the bureaucracy and who are continuously serving the needs of the government and of the people they are serving.There are three main areas of concern that impact the changes in public personnel. These are in the areas of Management Practices, Technology, and Economics. Of particular interest is the increasing popularity and significance of workplace diversity and the modality in which public organizations should deal with it so that it can maximize its impact and its efficiency. In addition to this, the advances in technology is paving the way for substitute(a) modes of working such as teleworking and telecommuting. Lastly, globalization also has an important impact on the way that public personnel are being treated and how the public sector can generate savings from the process. bring upBevir, B, Rhodes, RAW, & Weller, P. (2003). Traditions of governance interpreting the changing role of the public sector. 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Does the Perception of Red mag tape Constrain IT Innovativeness in Organizations? Unexpected Results from a Simultaneous Equation form and Implications. Journal of Publication Research and Theory, 12 (2), 273-292.Sippola, A. (2005). HRM of a Diverse Workforce Challenges of Emerging Cultural Diversity. Proceedings of the 18th Scandinavian Academy of Management (NFF) Conference, Aarhus, Denmark, 18-20 August 2005.Sparks, K., Faragher, B & Cooper, CL (2001). Well-being and occupational health in the 21st century workplace. Journal of Occupational and Organizational.Sullivan, C & Lewis, S. (2002). Home-based Telework, Gender, and the Synchronization of Work and Family Perspectives of Teleworkers and their Co-residents. Gender, Work and Organization, 8 (2), 123-145.Tomlinson, J. (1999) Globalization and Culture. Chicago University of Chicago Press.