Cognitive Theory Detailed Outline

* cognitive Theory insinuate I. Theory Cognitive Theory (CT) a. Key Concepts i. The way a someones mind collects and categorizes discipline is construct into schemas. Those schemas second build associations with future thoughts, emotions and behaviors, as they determine how we categorize an experience. Schemas influence our recall of an experience (good or bad), our emotion (positive or banish), and our behavior (acceptance or avoidance), and how we relate it mentally to akin(predicate) new situations that we encounter.If the schemas that argon built within atomic number 18 faulty, they can mystify a domino effect of inappropriate thoughts, emotions and behaviors until the faulty view is challenged and the disused schema is replaced with a new one. ii. The most primitive schema houses our reflex(a) thoughts. iii. Automatic thought can be visual or verbal. other(a) char work oneristics of the three types of automatic thought show that it (1)is distorted, yet occurs althou gh no designate exists to support the distorted thought (ex.Telling yourself you be the worst someone in the ball and believing it) (2) is a correct automatic thought, but the finish the patient draws isnt (ex I failed the test, so that means Im stupid) or (3) is an accurate thought, but still dysfunctional (It will pull away me all night to finish his project The behaviors associated with this thought becoming fire and cause anxiety, which lessens the concentration and work output) (Murdock, 2009, p. 318). iv.Automatic thoughts are coexistent with our deeper viewing thoughts, as they are quick snapshots of thought that come about(predicate) self-producedly without all reflective thought (Murdock, 2009, p. 318). v. CT Theory doesnt believe that human being are innately good or bad, but rather neutral, whereby earth are seen as organisms adapting to the environment (Murdock, 2009, p. 319). vi. CT assumes both an external, objective naive realism and a individualised, s ubjective, phenomenological one (Murdock, 2009, p. 319). vii. CT is most a surmise of mental dysfunction (Murdock, 2009, p. 319). viii.Murdock (2009) provides that Clark and Beck concluded that cognitive processes evolved to enhance adaptation to the environment, and hence, survival (p. 319). ix. In CT, the basic needs of humans are thought to be preservation, reproduction, dominance, and sociableness (Murdock, 2009, p. 320). x. The cognitive model says that perception determines emotions and behavior. xi. Three types of cognitive processes that individuals have are automatic (can be innate- suited to preservation and survival) conscious (the actual act of thinking), and metacognitive (an examination of how we think). ii. Two kinds of intuitions are important in CT bosom beliefs and assumptions, roles and attitudes (Murdock, 2009, p. 323). xiii. CT theory asserts that human functioning is a product of what you escort and genetics. xiv. Recently, two types of temperaments have been presented within the theory- autonomy and sociotrophy. Autonomous people make towards mastery and control and rated self-worth and achievement without regard to others, while sociotrophic people aim themselves against others in terms of worth.These types approach thinking, and life differently establish on their perspectives, therefore they feel and react differently. xv. CT recognizes that people can be disconnectedly functional, meaning that you can function even if you have illogical beliefs, i. e. , someone who is functionally depressed. xvi. Issues are born in how an individual constructs his or her reality, which is based on innate, biological, amazemental, and environmental factors (Murdock, 2009, p. 327). b. Key Theorists xvii. Aaron Beck is the key theorist for Cognitive Theory.He also recognizes other cognitive theorists as influences, including Magna Arnold, George Kelly, and Albert Bandana. c. enamour Populations for the Theory xviii. Appropriate populations fo r this theory may be those that need anger management, are paltry from depression, bipolar disease, manic depressives, substance abuse disorder, panic disorder, anxiety disorder, alimentation disorders, schizophrenics, personality disorders, and social phobias Western populations, Chinese and other Asian populations . incompatible Populations for the Theory (Explain why. ) xix. Possibly some non-Western cultures, Latinos, Asians, American Indians, those that are highly spiritual, Indian populations, and those who are gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgendered may experience challenges with regard to this alterative approach. e. Therapists determination xx.The healer is to assess the invitees thoughts, get a full psychological evaluation, examine client cognition to bring awareness to client as a means for modify cognitive thinking (by asking questions that lead the client to arrive at a counselor predetermined destination, thus giving them ownership and responsibility), help the client make specific goals, analyze those goals from a CT prospective, develop a cognitive plan for clients, and teach the CT model. f.Clients Role xxi. The client is to establish goals for therapy, remain independent throughout the process, learn and give the CT model and remain active and prosecute in the alterative services. xxii. The client is a student who collaborates with the therapist, and eventually, leads therapy as sessions show proof of the clients growth. g. Theory Strengths xxiii. This theorys roots lie in both behavioral and psychoanalytic approaches (Murdock, 2009, p. 319). xiv. CT is structured active, collaborative, and psychoeducational and emphasizes a scientific approach (Murdock, 2009, p. 332). xxv. The goals of CT are to identify and change faulty information processing and to modify beliefs that support psychological dysfunction to ones that are more adaptive (Murdock, 2009, p. 333). Rebuilding or rewiring thought processes as they relate to primal sch emas should allow the individual to present with more adaptive behavior. xvi. Cognitive and behavioral techniques are used in CT. Some of those techniques include questioning (socratic, or leading questions), downward arrow (diagram of thoughts, starting with those close to the surface and moving down to the core), thought recording (journal worksheet), behavioral environments (choosing behaviors that challenge faulty beliefs- ex if you say I never have fun, choose to start oing things that you think would be fun), activity scheduling (build a calendar that keeps client engaged in life), graded tasks (breaking bigger tasks into smaller ones as to not be overwhelmed), problem solving, imagery (replacing negative images, or turning them off by interrupting the associated thought), role-playing (or behavior reversal). h. Theory Limitations xxvii. The length of time can be considered a limitation of CT, as it is typically a short term encumbrance (Murdock, 2009, p. 332). xxviii.Change in schemas may need more time to occur than suggested in CT, specifically if the dysfunction resides in a core schema structure. xxix. The theory is difficult to use, as it may be harder to locate the root issues built within the deeper schemas. xxx. CT ignores the clients emotion and history in favor of his thinking (Murdock, 2009, p. 343). i. Key Terms (Write a short interpretation for each. ) xxxi. Cognitive Therapy describes clays that highlight awareness and understanding of dysfunctions to bring about interventions and changes in the way people think, react, feel and behave. xxii. Schemas are cognitive structures that organize the gush of information with which we are constantly confronted (Murdock, 2009, p. 320) xxxiii. Stereotype threat is the anxiety aflare(p) by the prospective risk of believing and confirming a negative stereotype about yourself because you belong to a group that has been negatively stamp (ex poor people are uneducated) (Murdock, 2009, p. 322). xxxi v. Core beliefs are stored within our schemas, and operate our most basic, fundamental beliefs, and are therefore the hardest to modify. xxv. Immediate beliefs are assumptions, rules and attitudes about what should and must be (Murdock, 2009, p. 323). xxxvi. Simple schemas involve physical objects or rattling distinct, simple, ideas, such as dogs, books, computers and so forth (Murdock, 2009, p. 323). xxxvii. Automatic thoughts are spontaneous assessments or pictures that exist along with our more conscious, deeper thoughts (Murdock, 2009, p. 323). xxxviii. The mode is defined as networks of cognitive, affective, motivational, and ehavioral schemas that compose personality and interpret ongoing situations (Murdock, 2009, p. 324). xxxix. The conscious control system is responsible for metacognition and intentional behavior, such as that based on personal goals and values (Murdock, 2009, p. 324). xl. Primal modes promote preservation, survival, reproduction, and sociability. (Murdoc k, 2009, p. 324). 1. There are four types are primal modes threat, loss, victim (evolved to protect and preserve survival) and self-enhancement (helps the person adapt) (Murdock, 2009, p. 24). xli. Primary modes that are dysfunctional are caused by changes in environmental factors. Those changes caused a reception in the individual which may present as a person with dysfunctional thinking. xlii. Constructive modes help you build through the experiences you encounter as you live. They are associated with positive emotions and adaptive characteristics and include (a) the capacity for intimacy, (b) personal mastery, (c) creativity, and (d) independency (Murdock, 2009, p. 25). xliii. Minor modes are conscious and narrowly focused on nonchalant life situations, such as reading, writing, social interaction, athletic activities (Murdock, 2009, p. 325). xliv. Photoschemas are yard bird patterns that interact with experience to develop the modes, as the modal theory explains (Murdock, 200 9, p. 326). xlv. health is information processing that allows the individual to meet his goals of survival, reproduction, and sociability (Murdock, 2009, p. 327). xlvi.Cognitive triad is the depressives negative views towards the self, the world, and the future (ex Im a bad person, the world caused me to be this way, and were all going to hell. ) (Murdock, 2009, p. 328). j. Is this theory research based? Evidenced based? (Justify your rationale. ) xlvii. This theory is research based, as Murdock shares that Cognitive Therapy is perchance that most well-researched counseling approach in existence, with an overwhelming amount of empirical support for its effectiveness with a variety of client problems. She also notes that the testify for the theoretical assumptions and structure is less impressive (Murdock, 2009, p. 344). k. Special training requirements xlviii. This therapy requires the therapist to be culturally aware and sensitive the clients needs. audience Murdock, N. L. (200 9). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy a case approach (2nd Ed. ). Upper excite River, NJ Pearson Education.